NEUROSCIENCE simplified

Dive into the foundational research studies within brainwaves, brain stimulation, the aging brain, cognition and Alzheimers

Zibrandtsen et. al. 2020

This A study examined how age affects the brain's response to intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) at 40 Hz, which has potential benefits for Alzheimer's disease. The induced gamma oscillations were mainly concentrated in the occipital area of the brain. These findings are important for future research on the therapeutic potential of photic stimulation for Alzheimer's patients.

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Carstensen et. al. 2021

This article discusses the use of LED lights with specific temporal modulations (in the range of 24-48 Hz) for potential therapeutic treatments of Alzheimer's disease. The article highlights the importance of understanding the Critical Flicker-Fusion Frequency (CFF) and presents a potential method for determining CFF using a portable experimental setup.

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Agger et. al. 2023

This article is about a study that investigated the safety and effectiveness of using flickering light to treat Alzheimer's disease. The study found that the treatment was safe and well-tolerated, and there were some indications that it may have had a positive effect on cognitive function in some patients.

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Agger et. al. 2022

This article explores the potential use of a specific type of visual stimulus, 40 Hz invisible spectral flicker (ISF), for inducing gamma entrainment in the brain. The study found that ISF was able to induce 40 Hz neural activity entrainment, similar to 40 Hz stroboscopic light, but with less discomfort and better potential for use in future clinical trials.

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Carstensen et. al. 2020

This article discusses a potential treatment option for Alzheimer's disease involving exposure to 40 Hz stroboscopic light therapy, which has shown promise in slowing the progression of the disease in mice but can cause discomfort in patients. The article presents a new technique called Invisible Spectral Flicker (ISF), which can entrain the same oscillations in various areas of the brain without causing discomfort.

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Agger et. al. 2022

Researchers are investigating a novel treatment option for Alzheimer's disease using a Light Therapy System (LTS) that targets neural networks through non-invasive light temporally modulated at 40 Hz using Invisible Spectral Flicker (ISF). Early indications from small-scale studies on mice and humans suggest potential benefit in reducing the load of amyloid-β and tau and increasing visuo-spatial memory while seemingly being safe and feasible for use.

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OptoCeutics'
Academic Contributions

OptoCeutics is founded on academic and clinical research.

Here, you can find a collection of academic research papers that we, together with top-tier academic research institutions such as the Danish Technical University, the University of California Berkeley, Roskilde University Hospital, and Copenhagen University, have contributed to the international research field.

We are exceedingly proud of our work and incredibly grateful to collaborate with such wonderful research institutions.

Brainwaves and Brain Stimulation

Brainwaves are electrical signals produced by cells in the brain associated with mental states like concentration, relaxation, creativity, and deep sleep.

Brain stimulation activates specific types of brainwaves through electrical, magnetic, sound or light methods, potentially enhancing their associated characteristics and exploring new treatments for neurological and psychological disorders.

Vialatte et. al. 2010

This article talks about a type of brain wave entrainment called SSVEPs. They have found that SSVEPs can help us understand how our brains work and can also be used to create special computer systems that can be controlled with our brains.

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Norcia et. al. 2015

This article is about a technique called steady-state visual evoked potentials, which is used to study how the brain processes visual information. The technique involves presenting visual stimuli that change at a regular frequency and measuring the resulting electrical activity in the brain. The article describes how the technique has been used in various scientific and applied settings and provides examples of research findings in vision science.

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Herrmann et. al. 2001

This article discusses how the brain perceives visual objects and how their features are bound together. The study explores the role of neural oscillators in processing visual stimuli at different frequencies and their potential resonance frequencies, which could be a basis for gamma oscillations in binding experiments.

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Gray et. al. 1988

This article discusses how neurons in the visual cortex of cats respond to specific visual stimuli, and how their firing patterns are synchronized with local field potential oscillations. The results suggest that this synchronous oscillation is specific to the cortical neurons, and may provide a way for different regions of the cortex to coordinate their activity.

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Lynn et. al. 2016

This article by Lynn et. al. reviews the role of neural oscillatory activity in theta-gamma interactions during visuospatial working memory and proposes potential underlying factors for working memory dysfunction.

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Fitzgibbon et. al. 2004

Study by Fitgibbon et. al. found that sustained gamma EEG oscillations are measurable during cognitive tasks and that all tasks augmented gamma power relative to a control condition.

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Koshiyama et. al. 2020

Study by Fitgibbon et. al. found that sustained gamma EEG oscillations are measurable during cognitive tasks and that all tasks augmented gamma power relative to a control condition.

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Miller et. al. 2018

A review by Miller et. al. reveals synaptic weight changes and network oscillations in gamma, alpha, and beta frequencies as crucial mechanisms underlying working memory maintenance and volitional control.

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Reider et. al. 2010

This article is about how human gamma-band activity (GBA) is associated with various cognitive functions such as perception, attention, memory, and consciousness, and how it can predict behavioral measures such as reaction times and correct response rates. The review also suggests that studying GBA can help understand the mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Gamma Brainwaves and Cognition

Gamma brainwaves oscillate at frequencies ranging from 35 Hz to 100 Hz. Studies have shown that this type of brain activity is associated with cognitive processes, with higher levels of gamma activity generally corresponding to higher levels of cognition.

Specifically, gamma activity is linked to higer-level brain functions such as working memory, attention, and active learning.

One the other hand, decreases in gamma activity is observed in some neurological disorders and as part of the natural aging process.

Gamma Brainwaves and Aging

Gamma brainwaves have also been the subject of research into the effects of aging on the brain. Some studies have found that older adults tend to have lower levels of gamma brainwaves than younger adults, suggesting that age-related changes in the brain may affect the production of these brainwaves.

This is significant because gamma brainwaves have been linked to various cognitive processes that tend to decline with age, such as memory and attention. As such, researchers are interested in exploring whether gamma brainwave stimulation could be used to enhance cognitive function in older adults.

Some studies suggest that gamma brainwave stimulation could be a promising avenue for improving cognitive function in older adults and potentially reducing age-related cognitive decline.

Guntekin et. al. 2022

This article discusses how Alzheimer's disease affects the gamma oscillations in the resting-state EEG of patients. The study found that the gamma dominant peak frequency of AD patients was lower compared to healthy elderly and young subjects, and this could be related to AD progression.

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Murty et. al. 2020

This article discusses the findings of a study on the effect of normal aging on gamma oscillations in elderly subjects. The study found that power and center frequency of gamma rhythms decreased with age, and this reduction was more pronounced in fast gamma compared to slow gamma, which could be important for developing biomarkers of cognitive decline in the elderly.

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Murty et. al. 2021

This article is about how gamma rhythms in the brain may be used as a potential screening tool for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in humans. The study found that stimulus-induced gamma rhythms were significantly lower in MCI/AD subjects compared to their age- and gender-matched controls, suggesting that this could be a useful diagnostic tool.

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Bakhtiari et. al.

This study examined how gamma oscillations, which play an important role in cognition, change with age and how they are related to cognitive skills. The researchers found that the power of gamma oscillations shifts from posterior to anterior brain regions with increasing age, and higher gamma power in parieto-occipital areas is correlated with better cognitive performance.

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Christov et. al. 2016

This article investigates how the brain changes as people age, specifically looking at how the brain's electrical activity changes during tasks involving auditory discrimination. The study found that as people get older, their brain activity in certain frequency bands changes, which could have implications for understanding how cognitive processes change with age.

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Iccarino et. al. 2016

This article is about how fast brain waves called gamma oscillations may help reduce the buildup of plaque in the brain associated with Alzheimer's disease. The researchers used light flickering at a specific frequency to stimulate these brain waves and observed a reduction in plaque levels in mice, suggesting a potential non-invasive treatment for Alzheimer's disease in the future.

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Chan et. al. 2021

Review paper by Tsai group on gamma entrainment

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Adaikkan et. al. 2019

This article is about how inducing gamma oscillations with visual stimulation can reduce amyloid plaques and phosphorylated tau in mouse models of neurodegeneration. The study shows that the stimulation can preserve neuronal and synaptic density in multiple brain areas and improve cognitive performance.

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Martorell et. al. 2019

This article reports that inducing gamma oscillations in the brain using auditory tone stimulation (gamma entrainment using sensory stimulus or GENUS) improves spatial and recognition memory, and reduces amyloid in the auditory cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease mouse models. The study also found that combining auditory and visual GENUS produced wide-ranging effects throughout the brain, reducing amyloid plaques and improving cognitive function.

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Liu et. al. 2022

This article discusses a study that used 40-Hz high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to modulate gamma-band oscillations in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results showed that this technique improved cognitive function and prevented gray matter volume loss in the brain.

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Gamma Stimulation and Alzheimer's

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Research has shown that gamma brain wave activity is reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, which may contribute to the cognitive impairments associated with the disease.

Join our research studies to make groundbreaking discoveries!

We also conduct our own research. Contact us to take part in our clinical trials.

Read about our current studies ALZ SII and FELIX

NEUROSCIENCE simplified

Dive into the foundational research studies within brainwaves, brain stimulation, the aging brain, cognition and Alzheimers

Hover over an article to read a short description

OptoCeutics'
Academic Contributions

Brainwaves and Brain Stimulation

Hover over an article to read a short description

Hover over an article to read a short description

Gamma Brainwaves and Cognition

Gamma Brainwaves and Aging

Hover over an article to read a short description

Hover over an article to read a short description

Gamma Stimulation and Alzheimer's

Join our research studies to make groundbreaking discoveries!

Find us here

Navigation

Links

connect

Take part in our research

NEUROSCIENCE simplified

Dive into the foundational research studies within brainwaves, brain stimulation, the aging brain, cognition and Alzheimers

Hover over an article to read a short description

OptoCeutics' Academic Contributions

Brainwaves and Brain Stimulation

Hover over an article to read a short description

Hover over an article to read a short description

Gamma Brainwaves and Cognition

Gamma Brainwaves and Aging

Hover over an article to read a short description

Hover over an article to read a short description

Gamma Stimulation and Alzheimer's

Join our research studies to make groundbreaking discoveries!

Find us here

Navigation

Links

connect

Take part in our research

OptoCeutics'
Academic Contributions